Everything about Germ Line totally explained
In
biology and
genetics, the
germline of a mature or
developing individual is the line (sequence) of
germ cells that have genetic material that may be passed to a child.
For example,
sex cells, such as the
sperm or the
egg, are part of the germline. So are the cells that produce sex cells, called
gametocytes, the cells that produce those, called
gametogonia, and all the way back to the
zygote, the cell from which the individual developed.
Cells that are not in the germline are called
somatic cells. For example, all cells of the mammalian liver are somatic. If there's a
mutation or other genetic change in the germline, it can be passed to offspring, but a change in a somatic cell won't be.
Germline cells are
immortal, in the sense that they can reproduce indefinitely. This is enabled by a special
enzyme called
telomerase. This enzyme is dedicated to lengthening the
DNA primer of the
chromosome, allowing for unending duplication. Somatic cells, by comparison, can only divide around 30-50 times, as they don't contain telomerases.
"Germline" can refer to a lineage of cells spanning many generations of individuals; for example, the germline that links any living individual to the hypothetical first
eukaryote of about one billion years ago, from which all plants and animals
descend.
Further Information
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